Pet vaccines, explained simply

Which shots your dog or cat actually needs — and when boosters matter.

Vaccines train your pet's immune system to recognize serious diseases before they cause harm. They're grouped into core (recommended for every pet) and non-core (based on lifestyle and region).

Core for dogs: distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, and rabies. Core for cats: feline panleukopenia, herpesvirus, calicivirus, and rabies. Non-core options include Bordetella, leptospirosis, and Lyme for dogs, or feline leukemia for outdoor cats.

Puppies and kittens need a series of boosters every 3–4 weeks from about 6 to 16 weeks of age, because maternal antibodies can block earlier doses. Adults typically boost every 1–3 years depending on the vaccine and local law.

Mild soreness or a quiet day after vaccination is normal. Facial swelling, vomiting, or trouble breathing within a few hours is not — call your vet immediately.